Abstract
OBJECTIVE: to characterize the clinical course, risk factors, related drugs or substances and treatment of acute dystonia sensitize medical practice to prevent the acute dystonia.
DEVELOPMENT: acute dystonia is a common adverse effect secondary to the use of antipsychotic medications and other substances. In recent years, the development of new atypical antipsychotic for the treatment of mental diseases has decreased the incidence of movement disorders. Searching the literature, we analyzed articles related to this topic, and this particular paper includes reviews or case reports articles. The acute dystonia disorder presents with torsional movements in crane cervical region, and the previous episodes of acute dystonia, age, sex and cocaine use were found to be risk factors. The progression and resolution were of short duration and the diagnosis can be established easily when the disease is well-known. In the treatment of acute dystonia the offending medication is decreased or withdrawn and the use of anticholinergic medications is indicated. The prognosis of the disorder is usually good.
CONCLUSIONS: acute dystonia is induced for the individual or conjugated use of antipsychotic medications, other psychiatrics and neurological drugs and other substances with action on central nervous system. The risk factors, differential diagnosis with other abnormal movements must be considered and initiate treatment of short duration to prevent a recurrence (Acta Neurol Colomb 2005;21:306-312).
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