Abstract
Zika virus (ZV) is a member of the Flaviviridae family and part of the Spondweni serocomplex, mainly transmitted by the Aedes vector family. The first case report of an unknown exanthematous disease was identified in Brazil and subsequently, it was recognized as ZV infection in December 2014. By May 2015, ZV spread throughout Brazil and in November 2015 the association with microcephaly and congenital abnormalities during pregnancy, was confirmed. Subsequently, multiple neurological alterations have been reported among the pediatric population such as microcephaly, corticospinal alterations, neuromuscular symptoms, dyskinesia, chorioretinal atrophy with macular coloboma, nystagmus, congenital glaucoma, sensorineural hearing loss and cortical dysplasia, ventriculomegaly, calcifications, hypoplasia of the brain stem and cerebellum with afection of the vermis, white matter alteration, dysgenesis of the corpus callosum and hydrocephalus, Dandy Walker malformation, thinning of the thoracic portion and spinal cord may explain the clinical signs of congenital ZV syndrome. Also, Guillain-Barre syndrome has been documented in adults with an incidence of 2 to 3 cases per 10,000 infections and, less frecuently, myelitis and encephalitis have been reported. Additionally, behaviour impairments have been described as well as decreased level of consciousness, seizures and meningism. Finally, the least frequent manifestations reported so far are acute disseminated encephalomyelitis, peripheral facial palsy and myeloradiculopathy.
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