Resumen
Introducción: los trastornos del sueño son síntomas no motores frecuentes en la enfermedad de Parkinson (EP). Este estudio buscó identificar factores asociados con la calidad del sueño en esta población.
Materiales y métodos: estudio transversal analítico entre junio de 2018 y diciembre de 2019, en adultos con EP de un centro de referencia. Instrumentos utilizados: calidad del sueño con índice de Pittsburgh, somnolencia diurna con Epworth (versiones colombianas) y ansiedad-depresión con escalas de Zung (tamizaje). Se estimaron razones de prevalencia (RP) mediante regresión de Poisson con varianza robusta y ajuste mínimo preespecificado.
Resultados: se incluyeron 93 pacientes. La prevalencia de trastorno de sueño fue del 74,2 % (leve en 61,3 % y grave en 12,9 %). La somnolencia diurna excesiva (SDE) estuvo en un 33,3 % y la ansiedad en un 39,8 %. En modelos multivariados, la ansiedad se asoció con trastorno leve (RP?=?17,55) y grave del sueño (RP?=?64,25), y la SDE se asoció con trastorno grave (RP?=?12,16). Estimaciones para el desenlace grave presentaron intervalos de confianza amplios, compatibles con pocos eventos.
Discusión: con instrumentos validados localmente, los hallazgos apoyaron integrar el tamizaje de sueño en la atención de la EP en Colombia. La ansiedad y SDE emergen como señales clínicas claves a evaluar, aunque la imprecisión de algunas RP exige interpretación cautelosa.
Conclusiones: tres de cada cuatro personas con EP presentaron alteración del sueño. La ansiedad y SDE deben guiar el tamizaje sistemático y el abordaje integral. Se requieren estudios multicéntricos y longitudinales con medidas objetivas para precisar magnitud y direccionalidad de las asociaciones.
Citas
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