Resumen
Introducción: la inteligencia artificial (IA) ha emergido como una herramienta relevante en neuropsicología, con potencial para optimizar procesos clínicos, investigativos y educativos en el estudio de las funciones cognitivas.
Materiales y métodos: se realizó una revisión teórica mediante búsqueda en bases de datos como PubMed, Scopus, ScienceDirect, Scielo y Redalyc, empleando términos MeSH y operadores booleanos. Se incluyeron artículos en inglés y español, principalmente desde 2014. De 98 registros, se seleccionaron 52 tras aplicar criterios de inclusión y exclusión.
Resultados: se identificaron tres áreas de aplicación: clínica, investigativa y educativa. En el ámbito clínico, la IA alcanzó precisiones de hasta el 91?% en la predicción de demencia y apoyó el análisis de neuroimágenes y el tratamiento. En investigación, facilitó el análisis de grandes volúmenes de datos, la identificación de biomarcadores y el desarrollo de modelos predictivos. en educación, mostró beneficios en el aprendizaje personalizado, aunque con menor nivel de evidencia.
Discusión: persisten limitaciones como la baja interpretabilidad, problemas de generalización y desafíos éticos relacionados con sesgos y privacidad de datos.
Conclusiones: la IA representa un avance significativo en neuropsicología, pero requiere marcos ético-legales y debe complementar, no sustituir, la experiencia clínica.
Citas
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