Resumen
Introducción: los síntomas neuropsiquiátricos son manifestaciones conductuales y psicológicas presentes en los pacientes con trastorno neurocognitivo, tienen una alta prevalencia y se asocian a desenlaces negativos, tales como la disminución en la calidad de vida de los pacientes con y sus cuidadores, mayores tasas de institucionalización y progresión de la enfermedad, por lo cual, tienen gran importancia clínica. La presente revisión narrativa tiene como fin realizar una actualización sobre los síntomas neuropsiquiátricos en el trastorno neurocognitivo mayor.
Materiales y métodos: se realizó una búsqueda de la literatura en las siguientes bases de datos: Medline (PubMed), Embase (Embase), Lilacs y Scielo, y se seleccionó la información más relevante para la construcción de la presente revisión.
Resultados: se hizo énfasis en la definición, la caracterización, las estrategias diagnósticas y las estrategias de tratamiento de los síntomas neuropsiquiátricos en el trastorno neurocognitivo mayor, con el fin de proporcionar información útil para la práctica clínica de diferentes profesionales de la salud.
Discusión: los resultados de la presente revisión resaltan la importancia del diagnóstico temprano de los síntomas neuropsiquiátricos y el abordaje personalizado de cada uno de ellos, a través de un algoritmo propuesto que involucra medidas generales y farmacológicas.
Conclusiones: los síntomas neuropsiquiátricos son manifestaciones del trastorno neurocognitivo mayor y pueden generar gran carga de enfermedad en las personas y sus cuidadores. Por eso, es importante detectarlos y tratarlos con estrategias individualizadas para mejorar la calidad de vida de los pacientes.
Citas
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