Resumen
El síndrome metabólico está constituido por un conjunto de alteraciones como: obesidad abdominal, dislipidemia aterogénica, hipertensión arterial, hiperglucemia, y se acompaña de un estado protrombótico y proinflamatorio.
La Federación Internacional de Diabetes propuso una nueva definición donde la obesidad abdominal, determinada por el perímetro de la cintura es el principal parámetro. Esta medición sencilla y barata cambia de acuerdo a los grupos étnicos.
El síndrome metabólico se está convirtiendo en uno de los principales problemas de salud pública del siglo XXI, ya que se asocia a un incremento cinco veces mayor en la prevalencia de diabetes mellitus tipo 2 y en 2-3 veces la prevalencia de enfermedad cardiovascular.
En esta revisión se analiza la historia natural de la diabetes mellitus tipo 2, la obesidad abdominal como factor de riesgo para desarrollar diabetes mellitus tipo 2 y la asociación entre obesidad y otros factores de riesgo, sin olvidar la importancia de la adiposidad intrabdominal como factor de riesgo independiente.
Se describe la historia natural del síndrome metabólico; como detectar pacientes con riesgo de desarrollar diabetes mellitus tipo 2 y si hay alguna manera de prevenir o retrasar la aparición de diabetes mellitus tipo 2.
Por último de manera detallada se describe cual es el tratamiento actual de los pacientes con síndrome metabólico y la utilidad de los nuevos medicamentos como los inhibidores del sistema endocanabinoide para el manejo de los múltiples factores de riesgo cardiometabólico que presentan estos pacientes.
Citas
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