Resumen
La esclerosis múltiple (EM) es una enfermedad que afecta mujeres de ancestro europeo principalmente entre la tercera y cuarta década de la vida, y tiene una prevalencia aproximada de 60 a 100 habitantes/100.000 en los Estados Unidos y superior a 140/100.000 en países del norte de Europa. El diagnóstico es bastante infrecuente en niños; del total de pacientes con EM en el mundo se estima que solo el 2.7-5 por ciento son menores de 18 años, menos del 1 por ciento son menores de 10 años y las manifestaciones clínicas pueden ser diferentes en comparación con lo visto en poblaciones de mayor edad. Es importante tener siempre entre el diagnóstico diferencial la encefalomielitis aguda diseminada (EAD) con sus formas recurrente y multifásica, la neuromielitis óptica (NMO), las enfermedades mitocondriales y el síndrome clínico aislado (SCLA) entre otros. Los medicamentos utilizados para el tratamiento agudo o crónico en adultos de la enfermedad son los mismos utilizados en niños pero siempre teniendo en cuenta que los estudios no son tan amplios, además de la edad y el peso del paciente para determinar la mejor dosis del tratamiento.
El presente documento tiene por objetivo formular recomendaciones en cuanto al diagnóstico, pronóstico y manejo más adecuado de la enfermedad en esta población.
Citas
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