Resumen
El trastorno deficitario de atención e hiperactividad se caracteriza por una atención inadecuada con exceso de actividad motora e impulsividad, de origen multifactorial, con componentes ambientales, genéticos, psicosociales y culturales. El circuito frontoestriado, el sistema límbico, el tálamo óptico y otras áreas del sistema nervioso central están involucrados en este trastorno, así como los neurotransmisores.
Se analizan la interrelación de este trastorno con los patrones de sueño, según estudios realizados en niños y reportes de sus padres. Aunque no hay un patrón de sueño específico para este trastorno, se ha observado mayor prevalencia de insom- nio, parasomnias, sonambulismo y movimientos periódicos de las extremidades. Se recomienda que todos los pacientes con TADH sean evaluados en cuanto a trastornos de sueño, y que así mismo se descarte la presencia de TADH en los pacientes con problemas de sueño.
Medicamentos como la melatonina, la clonidina y el modafinil son útiles para tratar estos trastornos; es importante modi- ficar los factores ambientales y mejorar los hábitos de sueño.
Citas
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