Resumen
La acatisia aguda es un trastorno del movimiento bastante molesto, caracterizado por sensación subjetiva y signos objetivos de inquietud motora, que se presenta frecuentemente como efecto adverso de los neuroslépticos; un tratamiento oportuno es necesario para garantizar una buena adherencia al manejo con antipsicóticos y prevenir recaídas.
Se describe el estado actual de los tratamientos disponibles para la acatisia aguda inducida por neurolépticos, valorando efectividad y tolerabilidad.
Se realizó una búsqueda electrónica en Pubmed, Science Alert, Springer link, SciELO, Ovid y Elsevier con criterios de selección específicos, obteniendo 87 estudios, de los cuales se escogieron 51 teniendo en cuenta relevancia clínica, nivel de evidencia y actualidad.
En este artículo se describen los resultados de la búsqueda. Las benzodiacepinas, los betabloqueadores lipofílicos de acción central y los anticolinérgicos son los fármacos más estudiados para el tratamiento de este trastorno del movimiento; los dos primeros han mostrado superioridad, sin embargo, se necesita aún bastante investigación al respecto.
Palabras clave: Acatisia inducida por medicamentos, agitación psicomotora, antipsicóticos, efectos adversos, trastornos del movimiento, inducidos químicamente (DeCS).
Citas
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