Abstract
Paracoccidioidomycosis (PMC) is an endemic mycosis that affects different regions of Central and South America. This disease is caused by Paracoccidioides brasiliensis and Paracoccidioides lutzii. Its clinical presentation can be acute, subacute or chronic, affecting different systems including the central nervous system. Lung and mucosal involvement are the most common. Neuroparacoccidioidomycosis (NPCM) occurs in 25 % of patients with PMC, it can be classified as meningeal or pseudotumoral form. Its neurological symptoms can present as headache or motor deficit, that depends on the location. The study of cerebrospinal fluid is nonspecific and microbiological isolation is very rare. Lesions seen on neuroimaging can be confused with other fungal infections or even tumors. Histological study confirms the diagnosis. Trimethoprim-sulfamethaxazole, amphotericin B, and fluconazole can be used for the treatment of NPCM. Some cases may require surgical management.
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