Resumen
INTRODUCCIÓN:Existen síntomas presentes en la esclerosis múltiple (EM) que no están relacionados directamente con el carácter desmielinizante de los brotes, que afectan y deterioran la calidad de vida de los pacientes y que no han sido adecuadamente caracterizados en la población colombiana.
OBJETIVO:Describir las características clínicas, sociodemográficas y los síntomas en los pacientes con EM del servicio de Neurología del Hospital de San José de Bogotá.
MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS:Estudio de serie de casos. Pacientes consecutivos, con diagnóstico de EM (según criterios McDonald 2010) que asistieron al Hospital de San José entre agosto de 2015 y marzo de 2017. Se midieron variables sociodemográficas, clínicas y síntomas evaluados con la escala de intensidad de la fatiga, escala de depresión de Hamilton, escala de discapacidad (EDSS) y cuestionario sobre la sexualidad e intimidad en la EM. Se analizaron datos en STATA 13.
RESULTADOS:Se incluyeron 65 pacientes, el 72 % de sexo femenino. Síntomas presentes: fatiga (75 %), cefalea (43 %), disfunción urinaria (38 %), depresión (39 %), trastornos del sueño (32 %), disfunción ano-rectal (27 %) y disfunción sexual (20 %). En depresión, el 64 % presenta trastorno del sueño. El 50 % de los pacientes con fatiga y depresión tenía 9 años o menos de evolución de enfermedad y 11 años o menos en los que presentan disfunción urinaria.
DISCUSIÓN Y CONCLUSIONES:Es probable que la fatiga y depresión estén relacionados con mayor presentación de trastornos del sueño y disfunción sexual, evidenciándose en pacientes con mayor tiempo de evolución de la enfermedad.
Citas
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