Resumen
INTRODUCCIÓN:La disfagia es un signo y síntoma que acompaña con una elevada prevalencia a los trastornos neurológicos y neuromusculares, siendo responsable de varias de las complicaciones mayores que impactan negativamente la recuperación del paciente neurológico como la aspiración, infecciones respiratorias a repetición, desnutrición y deshidratación. Irónicamente la disfagia, al ser tan frecuente y producida por múltiples procesos fisiopatológicos, es uno de los trastornos más descuidados en cuanto al diagnóstico y tratamiento por los profesionales de la salud.
OBJETIVO:Invitar a los profesionales de la salud, a conocer sobre disfagia neurogénica y neuromuscular, su etiología, manifestaciones, consecuencias y aspectos clínicos para su reconocimiento.
DESARROLLO:Revisión de tema desde una óptica epidemiológica y clínica del estado del arte en disfagia neurogénica y neuromuscular.
CONCLUSIONES:La disfagia altera la seguridad de la vía aérea y modifica de varias maneras el pronóstico del paciente neurológico. Las principales causas de disfagia son de origen neurológico (ataque cerebrovascular, traumatismo encéfalo craneano, esclerosis múltiple, enfermedad de Parkinson y demencias), al existir una estrecha relación y unión casi indefectible entre las enfermedades, trastornos y traumatismos neurológicos y neuromusculares con alteración de uno o varios componentes del proceso deglutorio. Si bien existen estudios complementarios para reconocer la disfagia, la semiología y el examen físico, son los puntos centrales para reconocer el espectro y variabilidad etiológica de la disfagia.
Citas
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