Relación entre trastorno obsesivo-compulsivo y alteración en funciones ejecutivas

Autores/as

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.22379/anc.v40i2.865

Palabras clave:

cognición, corteza prefrontal, trastorno obsesivo compulsivo, neuropsicología, rehabilitación

Resumen

Introducción: el trastorno obsesivo-compulsivo (TOC) se caracteriza por obsesiones y compulsiones. Las obsesiones corresponden a ideas o imágenes intrusivas y la compulsión es el acto motor o cognitivo para aplacar la obsesión. Su prevalencia mundial es del 3?% y existen diferentes factores que influyen en su aparición, que pueden ser biológicos, psicológicos o ambientales. Por otra parte, las funciones ejecutivas son un conjunto de habilidades que regulan la cognición y el comportamiento, donde este estudio busca describir la relación y afectación de las funciones ejecutivas en personas que padecen TOC.

Materiales y métodos: artículo de revisión narrativa a partir del estado del arte sobre el TOC y las funciones ejecutivas.

Resultados: diversos estudios han reportado la relación clínico-anatómica entre signos y síntomas característicos del TOC y la alteración evidenciada en funciones ejecutivas. Las funciones ejecutivas impactan el funcionamiento en la vida diaria y se encuentran fuertemente relacionadas al TOC, generando limitaciones funcionales en estos pacientes. Para esta afección hay tratamientos como las terapias farmacológica, psicológica y quirúrgica.

Discusión: se encuentra la necesidad de implementar, dentro de su tratamiento, la rehabilitación neuropsicológica para rehabilitar y fortalecer las funciones ejecutivas, buscando que se desarrolle de manera integral y que le permita a la persona desenvolverse de manera óptima en su día a día.

Conclusión: las funciones ejecutivas son un componente fundamental para nuestro funcionamiento y autonomía, es por esto que al estar el TOC directamente relacionado con fallas en estas funciones, se considera un punto importante para tener en cuenta al acompañar y tratar a personas que presentan este trastorno.

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Cómo citar

Campuzano Cortina, S., Montoya Monsalve, R., & Carvajal Castrillón , J. (2024). Relación entre trastorno obsesivo-compulsivo y alteración en funciones ejecutivas. Acta Neurológica Colombiana, 40(2). https://doi.org/10.22379/anc.v40i2.865

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06-06-2024

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