Resumen
Introducción: el alcohol etílico es una de las sustancias con mayor consumo a lo largo del mundo. Es un problema de salud pública por su elevada morbilidad y mortalidad, además de su impacto económico.
Contenido: el consumo crónico de alcohol induce cambios en la estructura y función del sistema nervioso central y periférico. Estos efectos neurológicos afectan hasta un 50?% de los consumidores, resultando en múltiples complicaciones neurológicas que pueden llegar a ser irreversibles. Los mecanismos de daño neurológico son variables y dentro de las complicaciones crónicas se encuentran la encefalopatía de Wernicke-Korsakoff, la encefalopatía hepática, la ataxia cerebelosa, la neuropatía alcohólica, la miopatía alcohólica crónica, el síndrome de abstinencia grave y el trastorno del espectro alcohólico fetal.
Conclusiones: el consumo crónico de alcohol puede causar diversas complicaciones neurológicas, el diagnóstico temprano de las mismas y la intervención oportuna del trastorno por consumo de alcohol resulta ser importante y constituye una de las medidas más rentables para evitar complicaciones neurológicas irreversibles secundarias.
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