Resumen
Las enfermedades demenciales comunes en las personas de edad, generan angustia en los pacientes y en sus familias, y un alto costo para la sociedad. El diagnóstico temprano, los avances en el tratamiento y la identificación futura de su causa, pueden reducir su impacto negativo. El reconocimiento de los marcadores cognitivos tempranos de la demencia se ha centrado en la memoria episódica y en la orientación espacio-temporal; no obstante, investigaciones recientes sugieren que la memoria semántica está también alterada en su fase preclínica. El deterioro comunicativo que puede constituirse en una limitación para el manejo clínico y terapéutico también representa un marcador de deterioro cognoscitivo, aporta al diagnóstico diferencial y permite predecir, el grado de severidad de la demencia. Es importante estimar la disminución sutil de las habilidades lingüísticas en las primeras etapas de la demencia, con una herramienta sensible para el diagnóstico. La intervención comunicativa temprana es útil. Pero se requieren más investigaciones interdisciplinarias en comunicación, deterioro cognoscitvo y demencia.
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