Resumen
Los límites entre el deterioro cognoscitivo y el envejecimiento normal y entre ellos y la demencia, aún no se han establecido claramente. La heterogeneidad de las manifestaciones, la progresión de los síntomas clínicos propios en uno y otra han complicado la distinción, no sólo del límite entre lo normal y patológico, sino del componente cognoscitivo comprometido. Más allá de si el deterioro cognoscitivo marca un lindero entre el envejecimiento normal y el patológico, se hace necesaria una adecuada identificación de si ello involucra sólo la memoria, u otras áreas cognoscitivas. El deterioro cognoscitivo leve (MCI) de tipo amnésico, evoluciona hacia Enfermedad de Alzheimer (EA), el multidominio hacia EA y hacia demencia vascular y el MCI no amnésico, lo hace más hacia las demencias fronto-temporales o vasculares. La neuropsicología la estandarizado y validado diversas pruebas en español que permiten una correcta identificación del envejecimiento, del deterioro cognoscitivo y de las diversas formas clínicas de la demencia.
Citas
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