Abstract
Guillain-Barre’s syndrome, is an inflammatory acute polyradiculoneuropathy of progressive character; product of the secondary inflammation of the peripheral nerves to autoimmune factors. The syndrome has emerged as the most frequent reason of flaccid paralysis in children since the elimination of poliomyelitis and has been related more frequently to infections. The sequence of the events that they bear to the clinical manifestations could not be explained and exist doubts with regard to the mechanism of the injury. It is classified under four groups from phisiopathologic point of view: demyelinating polyneuropathy, acute motor axonal neuropathy, acute axonal sensitive-motor neuropathy and Miller Fisher’s syndrome. It is a single-phase disease with a minor duration to twelve weeks, initiates generally with paresthesias and distal weakness of low members. Progression of weakness is ascending and changeable, being able to compromise the top members, trunk, facial and orofaringe musculature. In severe cases there is respiratory failure needing mechamical ventilation. The sequels are minor and prediction the best. The reasons of mortality are disautonomic and respiratory failure without signs of respiratory difficulty. Criteria necessary for the diagnosis are: motor weakness of more than one member and arreflexia or hiporreflexia. The diagnosis must be confirmed by lumbar puncture and cerebrospinal fluid examinination and electrodiagnosis. Once the diagnosis is clinical suspected, patient must be hospitalized for strict medical, observation taken care of support, recognition and intervention of the complications that put in risk the patient life. Plasmaferesis is the first and only verified treatment to be superior to the ancialiary treatment, syndrome produces disability very frequently, more than 40% of the patients needs rehabilitation. The infantile patients have a better prognosis that the adults and a minor index of sequels, these are minor, the majority of the patients recover spontaneously.
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