Abstract
Attention deficit disorder with hyperactivity is a neurobiological disorder characterized by three symptoms: attention deficit, hyperactivity and impulsiveness. Biological and environmental factors determine clinical manifestations. It concerns between 8-10 per cent of school population, being more frequent in male children (3:1). In attention deficit disorder with hyperactivity, great phenotypic variability exists, as well as great comorbility. Prefrontal cortex, caudate nucleus, fronto-estriatals circuits and cerebellum plays an important role in patophysiology. Electroencephalographic pattern show an increase of theta activity. Sleep can also present anomalies. Evoked cognitive potentials reveal an alteration of the cognitive processing and a dysfunction of atencional mechanisms. Biochemical theory is based on the hypothesis of the catecholamines. New offers of this theory emphasize the fundamental role of the dopamine and the norepinephrine. Attention deficit disorder with hyperactivity is polygenic; some of the candidates are the gene carrier gene of norepinephrine (NET1), the gene D1 of dopamine (DRD1), the gene carrier of the DAT1 dopamine and the D 4 receptor (DRD4).
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