Resumen
En el 2008, la FDA (Food and Drug Administration) advirtió que los medicamentos antiepilépticos podían desencadenar conductas suicidas en los pacientes con epilepsia. Esto generó diversas reacciones entre académicos, investigadores y clínicos. La presente revisión de tema tuvo como objetivo analizar la situación actual del conocimiento sobre la conducta suicida en las personas con epilepsia, identificar la prevalencia de ésta y los factores de riesgo asociados. Esto se realizó con base en los artículos científicos publicados en bases de datos internacionales. Se encontró que la prevalencia de conductas suicidas en el paciente con epilepsia es diversa, pero ciertamente mayor que en la población general. Dentro de los factores de riesgo médicos, los medicamentos antiepilépticos y el tipo de epilepsia han sido ampliamente identificados como predictores de estas conductas. Entre los factores de riesgo psicológicos están los antecedentes psiquiátricos, especialmente comorbilidad con ansiedad, depresión y antecedentes de suicidio. En cambio, los factores de riesgo sociocultural son escasos y su asociación con la conducta suicida, es aún controvertida. Sin embargo, la edad y el género han sido los factores más asociados con el riesgo suicida. En conclusión, la evidencia confirma la presencia de conducta suicida entre los pacientes con epilepsia; por lo tanto, debe ser objeto de interés y atención por parte de los profesionales del equipo de salud tratante.
Citas
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