Abstract
A case report of a patient with severe TBI associated with fractures of the skull base and cranial nerve involvement: II left cranial nerve, sensitive fibers from de V right cranial nerve and VII left cranial nerve. Because of complex lesions in cranial nerves, the patient had bilateral altered blink reflex. During the follow-up the patient developed severe neurotrophic keratopathy because. This is a rare cause of corneal lesion secondary to the damage to the trigeminal fibers which has a protective effect in the corneal epithelium. It is also important because could be a complications that could be avoidable en patients with severe TBI with an early diagnosis and treatment. There are few cases reported in the literature.
References
ROOZENBEEK B, MAAS AI, MENON DK. Changing patterns in the epidemiology of traumatic brain injury. Nature Reviews Neurology 9, 231-6.
KELTS EA. Traumatic brain injury and visual dysfunction: a limited overview. Neuro Rehabilitation 2010;27(3):223-9.
STAVERN G. VAN, BIOUSSE V., LYNN M., ET AL. Neuro Ophthalmic Manifestations of Head Trauma. Journal of Neuroophthalmology 2001;21, 112-7.
PADULA W.V., ET AL. Evaluating and Treating Visual Dysfunction. In Zasler, ND, et al. Brain Injury Medicine: Principles and Practice. New York: Demos, 207:511.
ESTEBAN A. A neurophysiological approach to brainstem reflexes. Blink reflex. Neurophysiol Clin. 1999;29:7-38.
RUSHWORTH G. Clinical neurophysiology of various reflexes in the facial nerve region. Electromyogr. 1968;8:349-66.
WAXMAN SG. Clinical Neuroanatomy, 27 ed. (Chapter 8). Cranial Nerves and Pathways. 2013.
MÜLLER LJ, MARFURT CF, KRUSE F, TERVO TM. Corneal nerves: structure, contents and function. Exp Eye Res. 2003;76:521-42.
SANTOS S, PASCUAL LF, TEJERO C, MORALES F. Peripheral facial paralysis: etiology, diagnosis and treatment. Rev Neurol. 2000, Jun 1-15;30(11):1048-53.
PARDAL JM, GARCÍA G, JEREZ P, MARCO J, ALMODÓVAR C. Peripheral facial paralysis. The value of clinical neurophysiology. Rev Neurol. 2003, May 16-31;36(10):991-6.
KIMURA J. Electrodiagnosis in diseases of nerve and muscle: principles and practice 2. Philadelphia: F.A. Davis Co; 1989. p. 496-8.
DUMITRU MD. Electrodiagnostic medicine. Philadelphia: Hanley & Belfus INC; 1994. p. 709-17.
BRACKMAN DE. Bell's palsy: incidence, etiology, and results of medical treatment. Otolaryngol Clin North Am. 1974; 7:357-68.
PEITERSEN E. The natural history of Bell's palsy. Am J Otol. 1982, Oct; 4(2):107-11.
CUSTER PL. Ophthalmic management of the facial palsy patient. Semin Plast Surg. 2004, Feb; 18(1):31-8.
DÍAZ-VALLE D, BENÍTEZ JM, DÍAZ E, TOLEDANO N, ARTEAGA A, SAYAGUÉS O. Manejo de la queratopatía neurotrófica mediante tarsorrafia con cianocrilato y suero autólogo. Arch Soc Esp Oftalmol. [revista en Internet] 2003, Feb [citado en 2014, Jun 12]; 78(2):119-22.
BONINI S, LAMBIASE A, RAMA P, CAPRIOGLIO G, ALOE L. Topical treatment with nerve growth factor for neurotrophic keratitis. Ophthalmology 2000;107:1347-52.
CHANG BH, GROOS ER. Neurotropic Keratitis in Cornea. Madrid: Elsevier; 2011.
HEIGLE TJ, PFLUGFELDER SC. Aqueous tear production in patients with neurotrophic keratopathy. Cornea 1996;15:135-38.
SACCHETTI M, LAMBIASE A. Diagnosis and management of neurotrophic keratitis. Clin Ophthalmol. 2014, Mar 19;8:571-9.
LABETOULLE M, AUQUIER P, CONRAD H, CROCHARD A, DANILOSKI M, BOUÉE S, ET AL. Incidence of herpes simplex virus keratitis in France. Ophthalmology 2005, May; 112(5):888-95.
DWORKIN RH, JOHNSON RW, BREUER J, ET AL. Recommendations for the management of herpes zoster. Clin Infect Dis. 2007, Jan 1;44(suppl. 1):S1-26.
BHATTI MT, PATEL R. Neuro-ophthalmic considerations in trigeminal neuralgia and its surgical treatment. Curr Opin Ophthalmol. 2005, Dec; 16(6):334-40.
GROSS EB JR. Neurotrophic keratitis. In: Krachmer JH, Mannis MJ, Holand EJ. Cornea: Fundamentals of Corneal and External Disease. St. Louis: Mosby; 1997, p. 1339-62.
GUEL L, GRIS O. Tratamiento de las úlceras corneanas. En Garg, Sheppard, Donnenfeld, Friedlaender. Tratamiento antibiótico y antiinflamatorio en oftalmología. Madrid: Ed. Médica Panamericana; 2007. p. 173-74.
BONINI S, RAMA P, OLZI D, LAMBIASE A. Neurotrophic keratitis. Eye (Lond) 2003;17:989-95.
SACCHETTI M, LAMBIASE A, COASSIN M, BONINI S, BONINI S. Toxic corneal ulcer: a frequent and sight-threatening disease. Eur J Ophthalmol. 2009, Nov-Dec;19(6):916-22.
MARTÍNEZ AM, SANTACRUZ C, CLIMENT A. Queratitis herpética: revisión. Revista Sociedad Colombiana de Oftalmología 2008, Abril-Junio; 41(2):580-92.
IBÁÑEZ N, SANZ S. Queratopatía neurotrófica bilateral secundaria a metástasis en tronco del encéfalo. Arch Soc Esp Oftalmol. 2002 (Scielo).
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.