Resumen
El objetivo es destacar la capacidad de la resonancia magnética funcional con tareas para evaluar diversas funciones cerebrales superiores, mediante la ejecución de paradigmas que producen activación cerebral de las regiones involucradas. Resaltar la importancia del neuropsicólogo en la creación de paradigmas y en la interpretación de los resultados.
Se realizó una revisión no sistemática de la literatura científica recogida en las bases de datos de: Rev Neurol, Neurology, Radiología, Neuroimage, J Neuroimaging, Science, Brain, Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews, journal of neuroscience, Eur J Radiol, Magnetic resonance in medicine, Neurosurgery, Neuroimagingclin, Neuropsidologia latinoamericana, International journal of neuroscience, Science, Biol Psychiatry, Psychol Med, Arch Gen Psychiatry, Psychiatry Res Neuroimaging, Neuro Report, Neuron, J ClinExpNeuropsychol, Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, Ann Neurol Neurobiol Aging, Neurosci Lett, Journal of Neuroscience. Los descriptores utilizados fueron “Resonancia magnética funcional”, “Paradigmas” y “Neuropsicología”. Se seleccionaron los artículos científicos de cualquier tipo y en español e inglés; desde el inicio de la indización de la fuente primaria hasta noviembre de 2014.
Se recuperaron 42 artículos. Se analizaron todos los conceptos sobre resonancia magnética funcional, neuropsicología, funciones cerebrales superiores, áreas cerebrales activadas, paradigmas.
Los mapas de activación neuronal confirman la participación simultánea de diferentes áreas cerebrales, incluso distantes, durante la ejecución de paradigmas. La participación del neuropsicólogo dentro del grupo multidisciplinario es muy importante por su conocimiento profundo de los factores involucrados en el desempeño de las diferentes tareas cognitivas potencialmente evaluables por resonancia magnética funcional.
Citas
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