Resumen
Introducción y objetivo : al programa de la Clínica de Memoria del Hospital Universitario San Ignacio (CM PUJ-HUSI) en Colombia, consultan, cada vez más pacientes con estadíos más tempranos de demencia. Estos plantean un reto para distinguir no solo entre los tipos de demencia, sino también entre las condiciones que pueden compartir algunas características con las enfermedades demenciales. A partir de un estudio descriptivo se analizan las variables sociodemográficas, resultados de la valoración y diagnóstico por consenso de los pacientes que asistieron por primera vez al programa y se proponen los retos diagnósticos actuales.
Materiales y métodos: se realiza un estudio descriptivo de corte transversal de los pacientes que asisten por primera vez a la CM PUJ-HUSI desde septiembre de 1996 hasta mayo del 2014.
Resultados: aunque el diagnóstico más frecuente sigue siendo la demencia tipo Alzheimer (43,45%), el diagnóstico de la demencia frontotemporal ha ido en aumento (de 5,49 a 11,5%), con una disminución de los diagnósticos psiquiátricos (de 14,31 a 7,7%). Las escalas aplicadas para la evaluación de los pacientes se encuentran, en diferentes proporciones, alteradas en todos los grupos de pacientes, incluyendo aquellos considerados normales.
Conclusiones: hubo evidencia de cambios significativos en el tipo de pacientes remitidos a la CMPUJ-HUSI que generan dificultad en establecer un diagnóstico definitivo, principalmente en enfermedades neurodegenerativas (EN) o demencia de inicio temprano (DIT). Se establece la necesidad de utilizar herramientas diagnósticas más precisas como las entrevistas e instrumentos que den cuenta de variables de conducta, comportamiento o cognición social.
Citas
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