Abstract
Primary cerebral histoplasmosis is rare and in the majority of cases presents in secondary to dissemination from a primary pulmonary focus. Histoplasma is a dimorphic and endemic fungus. It has been identified in the United States, Canada, central Mexico and South America and is less common in Africa, Asia, and Europe. The infection is caused by inadvertent inhalation of the conidia contained in the fruiting bodies, the lung is the site of primary infection. Of documented histoplasma infections in individuals immunocompetent, between 50 % and 90 % are asymptomatic, and of symptomatic infections, 80 % do not require therapy and resolve spontaneously, however, histoplasma can spread throughout the economy including the central nervous system (CNS). The presentation Histoplasmosis with CNS involvement is nonspecific and can mimic other most common pathologies. Diagnosis is particularly difficult in cases where it only presents isolated CNS involvement. Disseminated histoplasmosis carries a high risk of mortality; treatment consists of an induction phase followed by a maintenance.
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