Manifestaciones neurológicas del alcoholismo crónico

Autores/as

  • Yamile Sierra Gordillo Clínica Los Nogales, Bogotá, Colombia; Hospital Cardiovascular de Cundinamarca, Bogotá, Colombia; Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7559-7521
  • Omar Yesid Martínez Casas Clínica Shaio, Bogotá, Colombia; Clínica Universitaria Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia; Hospital Santa Clara, Bogotá, Colombia
  • Cesar Augusto Cárdenas Medina Centro de Salud Mental Comunitario “Ubaldo Vargas Casilla” La Joya, Arequipa, Perú https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1494-5913

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.22379/anc.v41i2.1883

Palabras clave:

alcohol, consumo riesgoso, complicaciones neurológicas, encefalopatía Wernicke-Korsakoff, abstinencia al alcohol, enfermedad de Marchiafava-Bignami, ataxia cerebelosa, trastorno del espectro alcohólico fetal

Resumen

Introducción: el alcohol etílico es una de las sustancias con mayor consumo a lo largo del mundo. Es un problema de salud pública por su elevada morbilidad y mortalidad, además de su impacto económico.

Contenido: el consumo crónico de alcohol induce cambios en la estructura y función del sistema nervioso central y periférico. Estos efectos neurológicos afectan hasta un 50?% de los consumidores, resultando en múltiples complicaciones neurológicas que pueden llegar a ser irreversibles. Los mecanismos de daño neurológico son variables y dentro de las complicaciones crónicas se encuentran la encefalopatía de Wernicke-Korsakoff, la encefalopatía hepática, la ataxia cerebelosa, la neuropatía alcohólica, la miopatía alcohólica crónica, el síndrome de abstinencia grave y el trastorno del espectro alcohólico fetal.

Conclusiones: el consumo crónico de alcohol puede causar diversas complicaciones neurológicas, el diagnóstico temprano de las mismas y la intervención oportuna del trastorno por consumo de alcohol resulta ser importante y constituye una de las medidas más rentables para evitar complicaciones neurológicas irreversibles secundarias.

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Cómo citar

Sierra Gordillo, Y., Martínez Casas, O. Y., & Cárdenas Medina, C. A. (2025). Manifestaciones neurológicas del alcoholismo crónico. Acta Neurológica Colombiana, 41(2). https://doi.org/10.22379/anc.v41i2.1883

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Publicado

15-04-2025

Número

Sección

Neurotoxicología - Edición especial
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