Abstract
Introduction: Traumatic brain injury is a disease with high mortality rates, so it is highly relevant to identify the factors that affect it.
Materials and methods: An analytical study was prepared between 2020 and 2021, which included patients with moderate and severe head trauma, characterized the variables most related to prognosis, such as demographic, clinical, and radiological aspects, and analyzed the association between mortality and these variables.
Results: Hospital mortality was 22.8%, finding as conditions related to mortality the respiratory rate, anisocoria, pupillary reflex, ICU care and as a factor related to survival, the number of days of hospital stay.Discussion: Mortality due to traumatic brain injury is higher in low- and middle-income countries, possibly due to a higher incidence of traffic accidents and limited access to treatment. The factors identified in this study are consistent with previous research, emphasizing the importance of pupillary abnormalities in patient assessment.
Conclusions: A comprehensive physical examination from the time of admission is crucial, as the presence of tachypnea, anisocoria, absence of pupillary reflex, or signs of shock can dictate prognosis. While global literature primarily focuses on characterizing traumatic brain injuries, this study underscores the need for further research on factors predicting protracted hospital courses with fatal outcomes.
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