Resumen
Múltiples estudios han constatado el mayor riesgo de la población autista de padecer crisis epilépticas. La asociación entre epilepsia y autismo puede estimarse entre 7-42 por ciento. En el autismo, la epilepsia tiene dos picos de máxima frecuencia, durante los tres primeros años de vida y en la pubertad. Las niñas presentan más epilepsia que los niños.
Se han descrito diversos tipos de crisis como: parciales complejas, espasmos infantiles, atónicas, mioclónicas, ausencias atípicas y tónico clónicas generalizadas. La actividad epileptiforme se localiza predominantemente en áreas temporales, centrales, frontales y occipitales. Los estudios con magnetoencefalografía han resaltado la alta prevalencia de actividad epileptiforme subclínica, 82-92 por ciento, sin embargo todos los pacientes presentan unos comportamientos inusuales que pueden considerarse crisis subclínicas. La actividad epileptiforme en el área perisilviana predomina en el hemisferio izquierdo, hecho que explicaría la falta de adquisición de los aspectos madurativos cognitivos, comunicativos, del lenguaje y de la socialización.
Citas
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