Resumen
En 1976 se identificaron varios anticuerpos dirigidos contra el receptor de acetil colina en el suero de los pacientes con miastenia gravis (MG). Sin embargo, luego de unos años, se evidenció que aproximadamente el 20 % de los pacientes con MG generalizada y con evidencia electrofisiológica de un trastorno de la unión neuromuscular, no expresan dichos anticuerpos por radioinmunoensayo (RIA); éstos constituyen los casos de miastenia gravis seronegativa (MGSN). El diagnóstico en estos pacientes es difícil, dada la ausencia de autoanticuerpos detectables en suero y la falta de estudios neurofisiológicos sensibles. Recientemente un nuevo método basado en ensayos celulares muestra un aumento significativo en la detección de miastenia seropositiva, en casos diagnosticados previamente como seronegativos. Este artículo pretende dar un abordaje sobre la fisiopatología de la miastenia gravis seronegativa, así como una actualización de los últimos avances sobre su diagnóstico. También busca hacer una revisión sobre el contexto general actual de esta patología en Colombia.
Citas
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